SHALOM SHAKHNA BEN JOSEPH
- SHALOM SHAKHNA BEN JOSEPH
- SHALOM SHAKHNA BEN JOSEPH (d. 1558), founder of talmudic
scholarship in Poland. He came from an affluent family and was a pupil
of jacob pollak . At an early age he was appointed rabbi and
rosh yeshivah in Lublin. His letter of appointment as chief
rabbi of Lesser Poland by the government in 1541 is still in existence.
It even included the right of capital punishment. His yeshivah soon
became known as a great center of study to which students flocked from
all over Europe, and his rabbinical court attained countrywide
prominence. From that time on Lublin was a center for Talmud study and
one of the important communities, where from time to time the
council of four lands held its meetings. His mode of study closely
adhered to the casuistic method of pilpul . None of his works is
extant; our knowledge of him is derived from the statements of his son,
Israel, and those of his distinguished disciples, such as
moses isserles , his son-in-law, who refers to him in terms of
great esteem (responsa 41, 61), Ḥayyim b. Bezalel , and Benjamin
Aaron Solnik (cf. also the letter of his son Israel to Isserles,
ibid. 25), David Gans, Ẓemaḥ David, 1 (1592), 314,
and the preface of Ḥayyim Bezalel to his Vikku'aḥ Mayim
Ḥayyim (1712). These statements, mostly in Isserles' responsa,
reveal his logical and sound common sense, avoidance of dogmatism, and
due consideration for contemporary circumstances and needs. As a result,
he was reluctant to have his decisions be accepted as final, and for the
same reason refused to write any halakhic work. Nevertheless, some of
his written responsa have been found and printed. He showed considerable
independence and firmness (responsa, solomon luria (16); Meir of
Lublin (138) and Masat Binyamin (16) of Benjamin Aaron
Slonik).
-BIBLIOGRAPHY:
S.A. Horodezky, Shelosh Me'ot Shanah shel Yahadut Polin
(1945), 15ff.; Ch. Tchernowitz, Toledot ha-Posekim, 3 (1947),
38ff.; Zinberg, Sifrut, 3 (1958), 171ff.; Fishman, in: Sinai,
4 (1939), 218–20; Assaf, ibid., 532ff.
(Shlomo Eidelberg)
Encyclopedia Judaica.
1971.
Look at other dictionaries:
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